FAQ & Financial Glossary

Frequently Asked Questions

About Diplyzer

What is Diplyzer? Diplyzer is a Conversational AI Agent for Financial Markets. You ask questions in natural language (in any language) about any market — stocks, crypto, forex, commodities, ETFs, and more — and Diplyzer retrieves market data, runs quantitative analysis, and delivers analytical outputs including interactive charts, dashboards, and written narratives. All content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice.

What makes Diplyzer different from other AI tools? Three things: real data, real math, and multi-domain synthesis. Generic AI chatbots hallucinate financial figures and cannot run actual computations. Traditional financial platforms have data but require manual workflows and hours of work. Diplyzer combines live market data (150+ data feeds), a secure mathematical computation engine, and AI reasoning into a single conversational interface that answers complex financial questions in seconds.

What markets does Diplyzer cover? Diplyzer covers all major asset classes: US and international stocks (NYSE, NASDAQ, LSE, TSX, ASX, HKSE, JPX, and more), cryptocurrencies, forex currency pairs, commodities, ETFs and mutual funds, and major indices.

What types of analysis can Diplyzer perform? Diplyzer is a flexible, general-purpose quantitative research engine. It is not limited to a predefined set of calculations; you can prompt it to perform custom quantitative computations, mathematical modeling, or custom data analysis. Examples of common analysis domains include:

• Technical analysis: 70+ indicators, geometric chart patterns (14 patterns), candlestick patterns (60+), harmonic patterns
• Smart Money Concepts: Order blocks, fair value gaps, BOS/CHOCH, liquidity zones, session kill zones
• Fundamental analysis: Financial statements, 100+ financial ratios, DCF valuation, Altman Z-Score, Piotroski F-Score
• Market intelligence: Insider trades, congressional disclosures, 13F institutional filings, SEC filings
• Sentiment analysis: News intelligence, analyst upgrades/downgrades, social media pulse via X
• Macro analysis: Treasury yield curve, economic calendar, CFTC Commitment of Traders data

Is Diplyzer a trading platform? Can I place trades through it? No. Diplyzer is a market intelligence and research platform. It provides analysis, insights, and research to inform your trading decisions. Actual trade execution is done through your brokerage account.

Is Diplyzer suitable for beginners? Yes. Diplyzer is designed to be accessible to traders and investors at every level. Beginners can ask basic questions like "What is the RSI for Apple right now?" while advanced users can run complex multi-factor analysis across multiple asset classes. Our documentation guides cover all the concepts you need, from beginner fundamentals to advanced institutional techniques.

Data & Accuracy

Where does Diplyzer get its data? Diplyzer connects to a unified market data layer spanning 150+ verified financial data feeds. This includes real-time price data from major exchanges, historical OHLCV data, financial statement databases, SEC EDGAR for regulatory filings, news APIs, and X (Twitter) for social media intelligence.

How real-time is the data? Real-time market quotes and price data reflect current market conditions. News and social media data is retrieved live during each analysis. SEC filings (Form 4, 13F, 8-K) are available typically within hours of their submission to EDGAR. Congressional trading disclosures appear within 24-48 hours of filing. Historical financial statements reflect the most recent filings.

How does Diplyzer compute financial calculations? Unlike generic AI assistants that estimate or generate plausible-sounding figures, Diplyzer runs mathematical computations against live market data rather than producing fabricated numbers. Technical indicators are computed using established industry-standard formulas. Financial ratios are derived from SEC-reported financial statement data. However, no analysis tool is infallible — data feeds can have delays, errors, or gaps, and all outputs should be verified independently before being relied upon for any investment decision.

Analysis & Features

How do I ask about a specific stock? Use the company name or the ticker symbol. Both work: "Analyze Apple" and "Analyze AAPL" will retrieve the same data. For international stocks, you can specify the exchange: "Analyze HSBC on the London Stock Exchange."

Can Diplyzer scan multiple stocks at once? Yes. You can ask Diplyzer to scan universes of stocks: "Scan the S&P 500 for…", "Find all Nasdaq 100 stocks that…", or "Which stocks in the healthcare sector are showing…"

What is the data granularity for historical prices? Diplyzer supports daily (end-of-day) historical data going back years, plus intraday data at 1-minute, 5-minute, 15-minute, 30-minute, 1-hour, and 4-hour intervals. All prices are dividend-adjusted and split-adjusted.

Can I analyze cryptocurrencies on the 4-hour chart? Yes. Diplyzer supports full intraday charting and technical analysis for cryptocurrencies on all major timeframes: 1-hour, 4-hour, daily, weekly.

Can Diplyzer build a DCF valuation model? Yes. Diplyzer can compute Discounted Cash Flow intrinsic value estimates for public companies and compare the result to the current market price. It can also compute Graham Number, Owner Earnings, and other valuation benchmarks.

Financial Glossary

A

Accumulation: A phase where smart money or institutional investors are quietly buying a position at low prices before a markup phase. Often characterized by sideways price action with declining volume.

ADX (Average Directional Index): A technical indicator that measures trend strength on a scale of 0-100. Above 25 indicates a strong trend; below 20 indicates a weak or absent trend. Does not indicate direction.

Altman Z-Score: A composite financial score predicting corporate bankruptcy probability. A score above 3.0 indicates low risk; below 1.81 indicates high bankruptcy risk.

Ask Price: The price at which a seller is willing to sell an asset. The "ask" is always higher than the "bid."

ATR (Average True Range): A volatility indicator measuring the average price range over a period. Used for stop-loss placement and position sizing.

B

Balance Sheet: A financial statement showing a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time.

Beta: A measure of a stock's volatility relative to the overall market. Beta of 1 = moves in line with the market. Beta above 1 = more volatile than the market. Beta below 1 = less volatile.

Bid Price: The price a buyer is willing to pay for an asset. Always lower than the ask.

Bollinger Bands: A technical indicator with a middle band (20-period SMA) and two outer bands set at 2 standard deviations above and below. Used to identify overbought/oversold conditions and periods of low volatility (squeezes).

BOS (Break of Structure): In Smart Money Concepts, when price breaks beyond a previous swing high (bullish BOS) or swing low (bearish BOS) in the direction of the current trend, confirming continuation.

Bull Flag: A continuation chart pattern where a sharp upward price move (flagpole) is followed by a brief downward or sideways consolidation (the flag) before resuming the uptrend.

Buy-Side: Firms that use capital to invest or trade (hedge funds, mutual funds, pension funds). Contrast with sell-side (investment banks, brokerages).

C

Candlestick: A price chart format showing the open, high, low, and close prices for each period. The body shows open-to-close range; wicks/shadows show high-low range.

Cash Flow Statement: A financial statement showing all cash inflows and outflows during a period, divided into operating, investing, and financing activities.

CHOCH (Change of Character): In Smart Money Concepts, when price breaks against the current trend for the first time — a swing low in an uptrend (bearish CHOCH) or swing high in a downtrend (bullish CHOCH). An early warning signal of potential trend reversal.

COT (Commitment of Traders): A weekly CFTC report showing how commercial hedgers, large speculators, and small speculators are positioned in futures markets.

Cup and Handle: A bullish continuation pattern resembling a cup shape (rounded recovery) followed by a small pullback (the handle). A breakout above the handle resistance signals continuation of the uptrend.

D

DCF (Discounted Cash Flow): A valuation method that estimates the present value of an investment based on all its expected future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate rate to account for the time value of money.

Death Cross: When the 50-day simple moving average crosses below the 200-day SMA. Generally interpreted as a bearish long-term signal.

Distribution: A phase where institutions quietly sell positions accumulated at lower prices into retail buying interest. Often characterized by sideways price action at highs with declining volume.

Doji: A candlestick where the opening and closing prices are nearly identical, creating a very small body. Signals indecision between buyers and sellers.

Double Bottom: A bullish reversal pattern where price makes two lows at approximately the same level, signaling strong buyer support and a potential trend reversal.

Double Top: A bearish reversal pattern where price makes two highs at approximately the same level, signaling strong seller resistance and a potential trend reversal.

E

EMA (Exponential Moving Average): A moving average that gives more weight to recent prices, making it more responsive to new data than the Simple Moving Average.

EPS (Earnings Per Share): Net income divided by outstanding shares. The most commonly cited company profitability metric.

Equal Highs/Lows: In Smart Money Concepts, price levels where two or more swing highs or lows have formed at approximately the same price. These levels often harbor liquidity (stop-loss orders) that institutions may hunt.

ESG: Environmental, Social, and Governance criteria used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical impact.

ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund): A basket of securities (stocks, bonds, commodities) that trades on an exchange like a stock. Provides diversified exposure to a theme, sector, or index.

EV/EBITDA: Enterprise Value divided by EBITDA. A valuation ratio that is capital-structure neutral, allowing fair comparison across companies with different debt levels.

F

Fair Value Gap (FVG): In Smart Money Concepts, a price imbalance created when price moves so aggressively that a gap is left between the high of the first and the low of the third candle in a three-candle sequence. Often acts as a magnet for future price revisits.

Form 4: An SEC filing required when a corporate insider (director, officer, or 10%+ shareholder) buys or sells company stock. Must be filed within two business days of the transaction.

Free Cash Flow (FCF): Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Represents the actual cash available to reward shareholders (dividends, buybacks) or reinvest in the business.

F-Score (Piotroski): A 0-9 financial strength score measuring profitability, leverage/liquidity, and operating efficiency. Scores 7-9 indicate strong financial health.

Fundamental Analysis: A method of evaluating a security by examining the underlying business through financial statements, economic conditions, and qualitative factors to determine its intrinsic value.

G

Golden Cross: When the 50-day SMA crosses above the 200-day SMA. Generally interpreted as a bullish long-term signal.

Graham Number: Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum fair value of a stock: √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value Per Share). A stock trading below its Graham Number is considered undervalued.

Growth Investing: An investment strategy focusing on companies expected to grow revenues and earnings significantly faster than the market average, typically paying premium valuations.

H

Harmonic Pattern: Advanced chart patterns defined by precise Fibonacci ratio relationships between swing points (XABCD structure), used to identify high-probability reversal zones. Includes Gartley, Bat, Butterfly, Crab, and Cypher patterns.

Head and Shoulders: A bearish reversal chart pattern consisting of a peak (left shoulder), a higher peak (head), and a lower peak (right shoulder), with a neckline connecting the troughs. A break below the neckline confirms the pattern.

Hedge Fund: A pooled investment fund using diverse strategies (long-short, macro, quant) to generate returns. Subject to less regulation than mutual funds and typically open only to accredited investors.

I

Income Statement: A financial statement showing revenues, expenses, and profits over a period. Also called the Profit & Loss Statement (P&L).

Insider Trading (Legal): The legal practice of company insiders (directors, officers, major shareholders) buying and selling their own company's stock. Required to be reported to the SEC via Form 4. Distinct from illegal insider trading on material non-public information.

Intrinsic Value: The calculated "true" fundamental value of a company or asset based on analysis, independent of the current market price.

K

Kill Zone: In Smart Money Concepts, a specific time window within a trading session (Asian Kill Zone, London Open Kill Zone, New York Kill Zone, London Close Kill Zone) when institutional activity is highest and the most significant moves tend to occur.

L

Liquidity: The ease with which an asset can be bought or sold without significantly affecting its price. High liquidity = narrow bid-ask spread, high trading volume.

Liquidity Sweep / Stop Hunt: In Smart Money Concepts, when price briefly moves beyond a cluster of stop-loss orders (equal highs/lows) to trigger those stops and provide institutional traders with fill liquidity, then quickly reverses.

MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): A trend-following momentum indicator showing the relationship between two EMAs. Used to identify trend direction, momentum, and potential reversals through crossovers and divergence.

Market Cap: The total market value of a company's outstanding shares. Market Cap = Current Stock Price × Total Outstanding Shares.

O

OHLCV: Open, High, Low, Close, Volume — the five standard data points recorded for each period in a price chart.

Open Interest: The total number of outstanding derivative contracts (options, futures) that have not been settled. Rising open interest during a price move confirms the trend; falling open interest suggests weakening momentum.

Order Block (OB): In Smart Money Concepts, the last opposing candle before a significant impulsive price move, representing the zone where institutional orders were placed. Acts as potential support/resistance if price returns.

P

P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings): Current stock price divided by annual earnings per share. The most commonly used valuation metric.

P/B Ratio (Price-to-Book): Stock price divided by book value per share. A P/B below 1.0 means the market prices the company below its accounting net asset value.

Pattern Recognition: The algorithmic or visual process of identifying recurring formations in price data (head and shoulders, bull flag, etc.) that carry predictive value based on historical precedent.

Piotroski F-Score: See F-Score.

Premium Zone: In Smart Money Concepts, price levels above the midpoint (50% retracement level) of a defined price range. Smart money sells in premium zones.

R

Relative Strength (RS): A comparison of one asset's performance against another (usually a benchmark index) over a given period. Rising RS means the asset is outperforming the benchmark.

ROIC (Return on Invested Capital): Net operating profit divided by total invested capital. Measures how efficiently a company uses all capital (both equity and debt) to generate profit.

RSI (Relative Strength Index): A momentum oscillator measuring the speed and magnitude of price changes on a 0-100 scale. Readings above 70 suggest overbought conditions; below 30 suggest oversold conditions.

S

Sector Rotation: The process by which capital flows between industry sectors as economic conditions and investor preferences change throughout market cycles.

Schedule 13D/13G: SEC filings required when an investor acquires more than 5% of a company's outstanding shares. A 13D indicates activist intent; a 13G indicates passive investment.

SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission): The US federal agency responsible for regulating the securities industry, including public company disclosures, insider trading rules, and investor protection.

Sentiment: The overall attitude of market participants toward an asset or market — whether they are collectively bullish, bearish, or neutral.

Sharpe Ratio: Risk-adjusted return measure calculated as (Return − Risk-Free Rate) / Standard Deviation of Return. Higher Sharpe ratios indicate better return per unit of risk.

SMA (Simple Moving Average): The arithmetic average of closing prices over a specified number of periods. The 50-day and 200-day SMAs are the most widely followed.

STOCK Act: Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (2012). Requires US senators and representatives to publicly disclose personal stock trades within 45 days of execution.

Support and Resistance: Price levels where buying (support) or selling (resistance) pressure has historically been strong enough to pause or reverse price trends.

Swing High/Low: A local peak or trough in price — the highest high before a decline (swing high) or the lowest low before a recovery (swing low). The fundamental building block of market structure analysis.

T

13F: A quarterly SEC filing required of institutional investment managers with over $100 million in assets under management, disclosing all long equity positions. Filed within 45 days of each quarter-end.

Technical Analysis: The study of historical price and volume data to identify patterns and trends that may predict future price movement.

TTM (Trailing Twelve Months): Financial metrics calculated over the most recent 12-month period, regardless of fiscal year boundaries.

V

Value Investing: An investment strategy focused on buying assets that appear underpriced relative to their fundamental intrinsic value, with a margin of safety.

VIX (Volatility Index): The CBOE Volatility Index measures the market's expectation of near-term volatility based on S&P 500 options pricing. Often called the "fear gauge."

Volume: The number of shares or contracts traded during a period. Volume confirms price moves: high volume during a price breakout suggests genuine conviction; low volume breakouts are often false.

VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price): The average price at which an asset has traded during a session, weighted by volume at each price level. Used by institutional traders as a benchmark for execution quality.

W

WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital): The discount rate used in DCF analysis, representing the blended cost of a company's equity and debt capital.

Wedge (Rising/Falling): A chart pattern formed by two converging trend lines. Rising wedges typically resolve to the downside; falling wedges typically resolve to the upside.

Don't see a term you're looking for? Contact us and we'll add it to the glossary.

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⚠️ Financial Disclaimer: The information, analysis, and content provided by Diplyzer are for informational purposes only. Nothing on this platform constitutes financial advice, investment advice, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any financial instrument. You are solely responsible for your own investment decisions. Diplyzer makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of any analysis or data. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Always consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions. Use of Diplyzer is at your own risk.